Model MCQ's ISC Sociology
Religion and Society
1. Who proposed the theory of Animism?
(A) Max Weber
(B) E. B. Tylor
(C) Emile Durkheim
(D) Karl Marx
(B) E. B. Tylor
2. What is the central belief in Animism?
(A) Belief in spirits and souls in living beings
(B) Belief in a single god
(C) Belief in no gods
(D) Belief in science
(A) Belief in spirits and souls in living beings
3. Superstition is typically associated with:
(A) Scientific reasoning
(B) Social experiments
(C) Empirical observations
(D) Fear of the unknown and belief in supernatural phenomena
(D) Fear of the unknown and belief in supernatural phenomena
4. What is meant by the term 'taboo'?
(A) A sacred object
(B) A social or religious prohibition
(C) A type of magic
(D) A festival
(B) A social or religious prohibition
5. Religious code refers to:
(A) A body of rules prescribed by religion for its followers
(B) Secular rules of conduct
(C) Legal codes of a country
(D) General moral principles
(A) A body of rules prescribed by religion for its followers
6. Durkheim’s theory of religion is based on which two concepts?
(A) Sacred and Profane
(B) Magic and Rituals
(C) Faith and Science
(D) Totems and Ancestors
(A) Sacred and Profane
7. Who is considered to have developed the earliest theory of religion?
(A) Emile Durkheim
(B) Max Weber
(C) E. B. Tylor
(D) Bronislaw Malinowski
(C) E. B. Tylor
8. Which of the following describes a totem in religious terms?
(A) A religious text
(B) A supernatural animal, plant, or object symbolizing a clan
(C) A set of moral values
(D) A group of spirits
(B) A supernatural animal, plant, or object symbolizing a clan
9. Totemism is closely related to:
(A) Urban societies
(B) Economic systems
(C) Modern religions
(D) Tribal social organization
(D) Tribal social organization
10. According to Tylor, which of the following best defines religion?
(A) Belief in social structures
(B) Belief in supernatural beings
(C) Worship of nature
(D) Obedience to moral law
(B) Belief in supernatural beings
11. What is the primary function of religious rituals?
(A) Economic development
(B) Symbolic actions concerning sacred things
(C) Legal enforcement
(D) Political governance
(B) Symbolic actions concerning sacred things
12. Max Muller is associated with which theory of religion?
(A) Totemism
(B) Animism
(C) Naturism
(D) Functionalism
(C) Naturism
13. Naturism, as a theory of religion, focuses on:
(A) Spirits in living beings
(B) Worship of natural phenomena like the sun, moon, and rain
(C) Moral laws
(D) Divinity within human beings
(B) Worship of natural phenomena like the sun, moon, and rain
14. Who coined the term "Totemism"?
(A) Max Muller
(B) E. B. Tylor
(C) John McLennan
(D) Emile Durkheim
(C) John McLennan
15. Which social phenomenon is primarily associated with Malinowski's functionalist theory of religion?
(A) Psychological comfort during times of stress
(B) Political control of society
(C) Economic exchange
(D) Ritualistic warfare
(A) Psychological comfort during times of stress
16. Radcliffe-Brown's view of religion focuses on:
(A) Individual salvation
(B) Social cohesion and solidarity
(C) Economic redistribution
(D) Moral education
(B) Social cohesion and solidarity
17. What does Durkheim describe as the dynamic part of religion?
(A) Beliefs
(B) Rites or rituals
(C) Symbols
(D) Scriptures
Answer:(B) Rites or rituals
18. Which of the following is NOT a function of religion according to functionalist theorists?
(A) Promoting social cohesion
(B) Providing psychological comfort
(C) Scientific explanations of natural phenomena
(D) Creating a collective identity
(C) Scientific explanations of natural phenomena
19. Which theory of religion is centered around the worship of spirits and ancestors?
(A) Totemism
(B) Animism
(C) Naturism
(D) Functionalism
(B) Animism
20. Which scholar suggested that religion helps maintain social order by regulating behavior through shared beliefs?
(A) Karl Marx
(B) Emile Durkheim
(C) Max Weber
(D) Bronislaw Malinowski
(B) Emile Durkheim
21. According to Durkheim, what is the difference between the sacred and the profane?
(A) Sacred is ordinary, profane is extraordinary
(B) Sacred refers to magic, profane refers to science
(C) Profane is religious, sacred is secular
(D) Sacred relates to divine entities, profane relates to everyday life
(D) Sacred relates to divine entities, profane relates to everyday life
22. Which term refers to the belief that natural objects or animals have spiritual significance?
(A) Animism
(B) Totemism
(C) Naturism
(D) Monotheism
(B) Totemism
23. Which theory of religion does Max Muller associate with?
(A) Animism
(B) Naturism
(C) Polytheism
(D) Functionalism
(B) Naturism
24. The concept of 'superstition' involves:
(A) Evidence-based practices
(B) Fear and irrational belief in the supernatural
(C) Scientific inquiry
(D) Government policies
(B) Fear and irrational belief in the supernatural
25. Which function of religion did Malinowski emphasize in his study of the Trobriand Islanders?
(A) Economic exchange
(B) Political governance
(C) Emotional support during crises
(D) Social hierarchy
(C) Emotional support during crises
26. What is a key difference between science and religion?
(A) Science is empirical; religion is based on faith
(B) Religion is empirical; science is speculative
(C) Both deal with material world
(D) Both rely on scientific methods
(A) Science is empirical; religion is based on faith
27. Which theory suggests that primitive man worshipped natural forces due to their unpredictability?
(A) Animism
(B) Totemism
(C) Naturism
(D) Monotheism
(C) Naturism
28. Which of the following is an example of religious ritual?
(A) The scientific method
(B) Marriage ceremony
(C) Trading goods
(D) Secular voting
(B) Marriage ceremony
29. The idea that religion helps individuals deal with stress and anxiety comes from which theory?
(A) Animism
(B) Functionalism
(C) Conflict theory
(D) Evolutionary theory
(B) Functionalism
30. Who described religion as a “system of beliefs and practices related to sacred things”?
(A) Max Weber
(B) Bronislaw Malinowski
(C) E. B. Tylor
(D) Emile Durkheim
(D) Emile Durkheim
31. Which is a dysfunction of religion as noted by F. O’Dea?
(A) Promoting social solidarity
(B) Fostering dependence on institutions
(C) Providing psychological comfort
(D) Enhancing community welfare
(B) Fostering dependence on institutions
32. Which scholar emphasized religion’s role in providing moral guidelines?
(A) Max Weber
(B) E. B. Tylor
(C) Emile Durkheim
(D) Karl Marx
(C) Emile Durkheim
33. In what way does religion act as a social control mechanism?
(A) By promoting innovation
(B) By regulating behavior through moral codes
(C) By fostering economic growth
(D) By supporting scientific inquiry
(B) By regulating behavior through moral codes
34. What is the primary belief in the theory of Totemism?
(A) Belief in the spiritual connection between a group and its totem
(B) Belief in a single god
(C) Worship of the sun
(D) Belief in an afterlife
(A) Belief in the spiritual connection between a group and its totem
35. How does religion differ from science in its explanations of the world?
(A) Religion relies on empirical evidence
(B) Religion explains the world through faith and supernatural beliefs
(C) Science relies on supernatural explanations
(D) Religion uses scientific methods
(B) Religion explains the world through faith and supernatural beliefs
36. Which religious practice involves reverence towards a totem, often an animal or plant?
(A) Animism
(B) Totemism
(C) Naturism
(D) Monotheism
(B) Totemism
37. What is the core difference between sacred and profane according to Durkheim?
(A) Sacred is divine or holy, profane is ordinary or secular
(B) Sacred refers to everyday objects, profane refers to holy objects
(C) Profane is related to religious rituals
(D) Sacred refers to secular knowledge, profane refers to religious knowledge
(A) Sacred is divine or holy, profane is ordinary or secular
38. Religion often functions to provide which of the following during crises?
(A) Economic stability
(B) Psychological comfort
(C) Scientific explanations
(D) Political solutions
(B) Psychological comfort
39. According to the functionalist view, religion helps maintain:
(A) Conflict in society
(B) Economic inequality
(C) Social order and cohesion
(D) Political control
(C) Social order and cohesion
40. Which of the following is NOT a function of religion?
(A) Providing social solidarity
(B) Promoting social chaos
(C) Offering moral guidance
(D) Offering psychological comfort
(B) Promoting social chaos
41. The term 'superstition' refers to beliefs in:
(A) Empirical facts
(B) Rational logic
(C) Supernatural forces and omens
(D) Secular reasoning
(C) Supernatural forces and omens
42. Durkheim believed that religion emerged from:
(A) Dreams
(B) Collective social experiences
(C) Economic disparity
(D) Scientific discoveries
(B) Collective social experiences
43. Who said that religious beliefs are based on faith rather than evidence?
(A) Emile Durkheim
(B) E. B. Tylor
(C) Max Weber
(D) Karl Marx
(A) Emile Durkheim
44. Which of the following religious practices involve rites to connect with the supernatural?
(A) Trade negotiations
(B) Military training
(C) Rituals
(D) Industrial work
(C) Rituals
45. Which type of society is most likely to practice totemism?
(A) Industrial society
(B) Urban society
(C) Tribal society
(D) Agricultural society
(C) Tribal society
46. In the context of religion, 'magic' is considered:
(A) The same as science
(B) Opposed to religious practices
(C) A part of the profane world
(D) Equivalent to sacred rituals
(C) A part of the profane world
47. Which of the following is an example of the profane?
(A) A religious icon
(B) Sacred scripture
(C) Holy water
(D) Daily chores
(D) Daily chores
48. Which scholar's theory links religious beliefs with ancestor worship and spirits?
(A) Max Weber
(B) E. B. Tylor
(C) Karl Marx
(D) Emile Durkheim
(B) E. B. Tylor
49. According to Marxist theory, religion functions as:
(A) An opiate that dulls the pain of economic inequality
(B) A source of social revolution
(C) A way to advance science
(D) A tool for individual empowerment
(A) An opiate that dulls the pain of economic inequality
50. Which term refers to supernatural beings or deities worshipped by a society?
(A) Totems
(B) Anima
(C) Gods
(D) Spirits
Answer:(C) Gods
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